Unit Plan 5 (Grade 1 Science): Light & Seeing

Focus: Make observations to construct an evidence-based account that objects can be seen only when illuminated (by a light source), using simple investigations with shadows, flashlights, and “light/no light” tests.

Grade Level: 1

Subject Area: Science (Physical Science • Light • Investigation Skills)

Total Unit Duration: 5 sessions (one week), 30–45 minutes per session

I. Introduction

In this unit, students explore a big idea: we can only see objects when there is light. Students investigate what happens when an object is in bright light, dim light, and no light. They test how a flashlight (a light source) changes what they can see and how shadows form when light is blocked.

Throughout the week, students practice making careful observations, recording what they notice, and using those observations as evidence. The unit ends with a short “Light & Seeing Evidence Page” where students explain why objects are visible only when they are illuminated.

Essential Questions

• Why can we see some objects and not others?
• What does it mean to be illuminated?
• How can we use observations as evidence to explain what we learned?
• How does light create shadows?

II. Objectives and Standards

Learning Objectives — Students will be able to:

1. Make observations to show that objects are seen only when there is light (1-PS4-2).
2. Compare what is visible in light, dim light, and no light, using a simple class recording chart.
3. Use a flashlight as a light source to illuminate an object and describe what changes.
4. Observe and describe how shadows form when an object blocks light.
5. Construct an evidence-based account (drawing + sentence) explaining that objects can be seen only when illuminated.

Standards Alignment — Grade 1 (NGSS-Aligned)

• 1-PS4-2 — Make observations to construct an evidence-based account that objects can be seen only when illuminated.
  • Example: Compare visibility of the same object with a flashlight on vs. off and record observations as evidence.

Success Criteria — Student Language

• I can explain that we can only see objects when there is light.
• I can show what happens when an object is illuminated with a flashlight.
• I can record what I observe using pictures and simple words.
• I can describe a shadow as a dark shape made when light is blocked.
• I can use my observations as evidence to explain my thinking.