Unit Plan 5 (Grade 5 Math): Multi-Digit Multiplication Fluency
5th graders master multi-digit multiplication using the standard algorithm, supported by area and partial-products models. Students align place values, estimate for reasonableness, and solve multi-step real-world problems with precision, structure, and clear mathematical communication.
Focus: Multiply multi-digit whole numbers using the standard algorithm; connect to area/partial-products models, estimation, and multi-step problems.
Grade Level: 5
Subject Area: Mathematics (Number & Operations in Base Ten — Whole-Number Multiplication)
Total Unit Duration: 5 sessions (one week), 45–60 minutes per session
I. Introduction
Students build from area models and partial products to the standard algorithm for multi-digit by multi-digit multiplication. They practice aligning place values, managing regrouping, and using estimation for reasonableness. Word problems require multi-step planning, unit tracking, and precise communication.
Essential Questions
- How do area and partial-products models explain the standard algorithm?
- Why does place-value alignment and regrouping matter for accuracy?
- How can estimation and compatible numbers help me plan and check my work?
- What strategies help me organize multi-step problems clearly?
II. Objectives and Standards
Learning Objectives — Students will be able to:
- Model multi-digit multiplication with area models and partial products, then connect to the standard algorithm.
- Use the standard algorithm accurately with correct place-value alignment and regrouping.
- Estimate products to predict size and check reasonableness of exact answers.
- Solve multi-step word problems that include multiplication with correct units and labeled work.
- Explain and critique solutions using precise vocabulary and clear notebook organization.
Standards Alignment — CCSS Grade 5
- 5.NBT.5: Fluently multiply multi-digit whole numbers using the standard algorithm.
- Mathematical Practices emphasized: MP.1 (make sense/persevere), MP.3 (justify/critique), MP.4 (model), MP.6 (precision), MP.7 (structure), MP.8 (regularity).
Success Criteria — Student Language
- I can show a product with an area model or partial products, and then use the standard algorithm to get the same result.
- I can align place values, use regrouping correctly, and write a clear final product.
- I can make a quick estimate (rounding or compatible numbers) and compare it to my exact answer.
- I can solve a multi-step problem, keep units, and explain my steps.
- I can spot and fix errors in my own or a peer’s algorithm work.