Unit Plan 21 (Grade K Math): Fluency within 5
Build fluency within 5 through game-based addition and subtraction using five-frames, number bonds, and part–part–whole strategies to solve and explain facts efficiently.
Focus: Game-based practice to build quick facts within 5 (addition and subtraction) using five-frames, number bonds, and part–part–whole reasoning.
Grade Level: K
Subject Area: Mathematics (Operations & Algebraic Thinking)
Total Unit Duration: 5 sessions (one week), 30–40 minutes per session
I. Introduction
Students develop fluent addition/subtraction within 5 through fast-paced centers and math-talk routines. They compose/decompose small numbers, use five-frames to “make 5,” and connect take away to subtraction. Emphasis is on efficient strategies (not just speed) and clear explanations.
Essential Questions
- What does it mean to be fluent within 5?
- How do five-frames and number bonds help me make 5 or take away?
- How can I explain my strategy quickly and clearly?
II. Objectives and Standards
Learning Objectives — Students will be able to:
- Recall and solve addition/subtraction facts within 5 using efficient strategies.
- Use five-frames, counters, and number bonds to represent part–part–whole.
- Explain strategies (e.g., make 5, count on, take away, zero facts).
- Track personal fluency growth in a positive, game-based setting.
Standards Alignment — CCSS Kindergarten (threaded across the unit)
- K.OA.5: Fluently add and subtract within 5.
- Mathematical Practices: MP.2 (reason about quantities), MP.6 (precision), MP.7/MP.8 (structure & regularity) threaded.
Success Criteria — Student Language
- I can solve facts within 5 quickly and explain how I knew.
- I can show a fact with a five-frame or number bond.
- I can choose an efficient strategy like make 5 or take away.