Unit Plan 32 (Grade K Math): Make Ten & Decompose

Focus: Blend make ten (find the complement to 10) with decompose numbers ≤10 into pairs; flex between building to 10 and breaking apart to understand part–whole.

Grade Level: K

Subject Area: Mathematics (Operations & Algebraic Thinking)

Total Unit Duration: 5 sessions (one week), 30–40 minutes per session

I. Introduction

Students toggle between two powerful ideas: composing to 10 (find the missing part) and decomposing numbers ≤10 in more than one way. Using ten-frames, two-color counters, number bonds, and equations, learners show part–whole structure and explain tool choices.

Essential Questions

• How do I find the missing part that makes 10?
• In how many ways can I break apart a number into two parts?
• How do my model and my equation match the story and the number?

II. Objectives and Standards

Learning Objectives — Students will be able to:

1. Make 10 by finding the complement to 10 with ten-frames and counters.
2. Decompose numbers 0–10 into two parts in multiple ways using number bonds/part–part–whole mats.
3. Write and read equations (e.g., __ + __ = 10, __ + __ = __) that match their models.
4. Explain tool choice and check solutions; build fluency on facts within 5–10 (touch for K.OA.5).

Standards Alignment — CCSS Kindergarten (threaded across the unit)

• K.OA.4: For any number 1–9, find the number that makes 10.
• K.OA.3: Decompose numbers ≤10 into pairs in more than one way; record with drawings/equations.
• K.OA.5 (fluency touch): Fluently add/subtract within 5.
• Mathematical Practices: MP.5 (tools), MP.1 (persevere), MP.3 (justify), MP.6 (precision) threaded.

Success Criteria — Student Language

• I can show how to make 10 with a ten-frame and tell the missing part.
• I can break apart a number in more than one way and record it.
• I can write an equation that matches my model and explain my choice of tool.