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Grade K Math Units

Unit Plan 14 (Grade K Math): Subtraction Stories to 10

Represent take-from and compare stories within 10 using objects or drawings, then write matching equations with − and = to show how many are left or the difference.

Dr. Michael Kester-Haynes

• 6 min read
Unit Plan 14 (Grade K Math): Subtraction Stories to 10

Focus: Represent take-from and compare stories within 10 using objects/drawings; connect models to equations with − and =.

Grade Level: K

Subject Area: Mathematics (Operations & Algebraic Thinking)

Total Unit Duration: 5 sessions (one week), 30–40 minutes per session

I. Introduction

Students act out and model subtraction stories that either take from a set or compare two sets. They use counters, drawings (crossing out), ten-frames, and number paths to show what’s left and then record the story with an equation using − and =. Emphasis is on telling the story, showing a clear model, and matching it to a simple number sentence.

Essential Questions

  • How do I show a subtraction story with objects or a drawing?
  • How does an equation (with − and =) tell the same story as my model?
  • What strategies help me find how many are left or the difference within 10?

II. Objectives and Standards

Learning Objectives — Students will be able to:

  1. Represent take-from and compare stories (within 10) with objects, drawings, ten-frames, or number paths.
  2. Use count back, cover/cross out, or part-part-whole to find how many are left (the difference).
  3. Write and read simple equations (e.g., 8 − 3 = 5) that match their models.
  4. Explain how the model and equation show the same story (what was taken away or compared).
  5. Choose a tool (counters, ten-frame, number path) that makes the story clear.

Standards Alignment — CCSS Kindergarten (threaded across the unit)

  • K.OA.1: Represent subtraction and addition with objects, fingers, mental images, drawings, sounds, acting out, verbal explanations, expressions, or equations.
  • K.OA.2: Solve subtraction word problems and subtract within 10 using objects or drawings to represent the problem.
  • Mathematical Practices: MP.4 (Model with mathematics) emphasized; MP.2, MP.6 threaded.

Success Criteria — Student Language

  • I can show a subtraction story with objects or a drawing.
  • I can find how many are left and write an equation with − and =.
  • I can explain how my model matches my equation.