Unit Plan 19 (Grade K Math): Teen Numbers—Make a Ten

Focus: Compose and decompose teen numbers (11–19) as one ten and some ones using ten-frames, cubes, drawings, and equations (10 + n).

Grade Level: K

Subject Area: Mathematics (Number & Operations in Base Ten)

Total Unit Duration: 5 sessions (one week), 30–40 minutes per session

I. Introduction

Students discover the structure of teen numbers: each is one ten and some ones. Through building, drawing, and writing equations, they connect physical bundles of ten to ten-frames, quick-tens drawings, and symbolic forms (10 + n = teen).

Essential Questions

• What does a teen number mean?
• How can I show a teen as one ten and some ones?
• How do models help me write an equation like 10 + n?

II. Objectives and Standards

Learning Objectives — Students will be able to:

1. Build teen numbers (11–19) as one ten and n ones using manipulatives and ten-frames.
2. Represent teens with quick-tens drawings (a stick/rod for ten, dots for ones).
3. Write and read equations of the form 10 + n = teen and explain the parts.
4. Use place-value language (ten, ones, bundle, compose, decompose) to describe their work.

Standards Alignment — CCSS Kindergarten (threaded across the unit)

• K.NBT.1: Compose and decompose numbers from 11 to 19 into ten ones and some ones; record with a drawing or equation (e.g., 18 = 10 + 8).
• Mathematical Practices: MP.7 (structure) emphasized; MP.2, MP.6 threaded.

Success Criteria — Student Language

• I can say and show that 15 is 10 and 5 ones.
• I can draw a quick ten and ones and write 10 + 5 = 15.
• I can explain how my model matches my equation.